Learning the basics can ease loop tuning frustration and ensure stability. During plant operations, it seems that tuning control loops is an ongoing task, which can be a continual frustration to ...

To define control valve inherent flow characterization and inherent rangeability, and to recommend allowable deviations from characterizations curves which are described mathematically or graphically.

The ultimate goal of every heating and cooling installation is to provide the desired indoor climate at the lowest possible energy cost. Today’s advanced control technology means that, in theory, ...

In the range of applications for thermostatic expansion valves (TEVs), operating conditions can range from the ideal to the "almost impossible." In a given application, the TEV is involved in the ...

Feedwater control valves play a critical role in boiler operation. One important parameter of their design is the pressure drop at the rated condition as well as off-design conditions. However, ...