Pionic helium In this experiment, a pion – shown here with one orange and one blue particle representing its quark and anti-quark – replaces one of the two electrons in the helium atom. This new ...

Artificial atoms allow scientists to push the laws of physics to the limit, gaining insight into what we are familiar with already and what we are yet to discover. Researchers have now created a new ...

Helium atom precision measurements and calculations have a history of nearly a century. In the 1960s, theorists discovered that the fine-structure split (23P0-23P2) of the 23P energy level of helium ...

The interest in exotic atoms arises from the fact that they often facilitate the most basic experimental strategy used in physics: changing a single parameter or component in an otherwise complex ...

Neutral helium microscopy and atom optics constitute an innovative imaging paradigm that exploits low-energy, charge-neutral helium atoms to non-destructively investigate surface properties at the ...

In the divertor and near-wall region of magnetic confinement fusion plasma experiments processes involving neutral atoms, molecules and molecular ions are important. The primary plasma constituents ...