Discover how Apple Inc. and Carnegie Steel Co. leveraged backward integration to control supply chains and enhance efficiency ...

Will Kenton is an expert on the economy and investing laws and regulations. He previously held senior editorial roles at Investopedia and Kapitall Wire and holds a MA in Economics from The New School ...

Backward integration is a form of vertical integration in which a business owns or buys a supplier in its supply chain. A company might buy its inventory or raw material supplier, for example.

Vertical integration lets companies control more supply chain steps by in-house operations. Types include backward (acquiring production inputs) and forward (controlling distribution). This strategy ...

For decades, vertical integration meant ownership. According to Michael E. Porter's seminal work Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance, companies sought to reduce costs, ...

On-going backward integration plan for palm oil embarked upon by PZ Wilmar Nigeria Limited, a palm oil processing, packaging and distribution company, will help Nigeria save foreign exchange by ...