This AIP 2.0 has numerous other tweaks and appears, on paper at least, to match what most Western AIPs can do and that’s the version that was installed in one or more of the latest Type 39B subs. The ...

Key Points - Russia's Lada-class (Project 677) diesel-electric attack submarine, intended as a stealthy, advanced successor to the Kilo-class since its 1997 inception, has endured a deeply troubled ...

Project 677 Lada-class submarines are often referred to as the fourth generation of diesel-electric submarines, developed by a Russian Rubin design bureau. It is essentially an improved version of the ...

There were many problems with the Lada design, but the main one appears to be the failure of the long promised Russian AIP Air Independent Propulsion system. This was supposed to be a key feature of ...