The component elements in steel can be categorised in terms of their crystal structures. At least a basic knowledge of the practical implications of these crystal arrangements is essential to ...

DP steels contain islands of hard martensitic second phase in a ferritic matrix. Steel strength improves when the volume fraction of hard second phases increases. The formation of DP steels involves ...

Many utilities around the world have been discovering abnormal or aberrant P91 base and weld metal microstructures in their plants, leading to, or with a potential to lead to, early cracking and ...

Metalworkers and metallurgists have long appreciated the ability to tailor the performance characteristics of steel (an alloy of iron and carbon), including their strength, hardness, ductility and ...

Dislocations can save lives. This stems from the fact that the one-dimensional defects in a metal play an important role when the material deforms: for example, when a car body panel crumples in an ...

• Martensitic stainless steels are strong, wear resistant, and cost less than other stainless-steel grades. • Controlling weld cooling with induction heating minimizes fusion and heat-affected zone ...