The concept of noise power ratio (NPR) has been around since the early days of frequency division multiplexed (FDM) telephone systems. The NPR is simply a measure of the “quietness” of an unused ...

According to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 22 million people—including nearly all power plant workers—are exposed to potentially damaging noise at work each year in the U.S.

Noise figure (NF) is a term typically used to help quantify a receiver's sensitivity performance for RF engineers. It can be used when designing the receive system in a variety of applications, such ...

Modern digital receiver/exciters (DREX) used in radar and communications systems are capable of significant self-testing in a production factory environment. Long past are the days where the analog ...

A signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) lets us express the relationship between signal and noise powers, as well as between the root-mean-square (rms) values of signal and noise voltages: SNR (dB) = ...

RF-to-baseband front ends consisting of a low-noise amplifier (LNA) cascaded with a mixer downconverting RF signals to baseband have become the epitome of RF devices tested in high-volume ...