The exact cause of personality disorders is unclear. However, genetics, neurological differences, and environmental factors may contribute to the development of these complex mental health conditions.

Where mood disorders can cause temporary or fluctuating changes in mood, personality disorders cause symptoms that remain consistent over time and across a range of situations. For example, bipolar ...

No cluster D of personality disorders is currently featured in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, text revision (DSM-5-TR). Only clusters A, B, and C are ...

Medically reviewed by Michael MacIntyre, MD Cluster C personality disorders include conditions with anxious and fearful thoughts and behaviors. These are avoidant personality disorder (AVPD), ...

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Diagnosing personality disorders in children is controversial due to natural developmental shifts in mood and behavior. When maladaptive traits remain pervasive and persistent, however, a personality ...

Histrionic personality disorder (HPD) is a mental health condition characterized by excessively dramatic and attention-seeking behaviors. People with HPD have an intense need for attention and often ...

Symptoms of ASPD can start in childhood and may include manipulative and reckless behaviors. ASPD often co-occurs with other mental health conditions, which makes it harder to treat. Up to 31% of ...