Screen-printed electrodes (SPE) offer a further means of heavy metal analysis, working in conjunction with two applications for the simultaneous determination of lead and cadmium as well as cobalt and ...

Electrochemical detection of heavy metal ions has emerged as a vital research area aimed at tackling contamination in water resources and safeguarding public health. By converting chemical reactions ...

Heavy metals (HMs) pose severe health risks to humans as well as other species, necessitating their fast on-site detection. Recent advances in miniaturized electrochemical sensing technology have the ...

Microfluidics involves fluid manipulation and control at a submillimeter scale within microfabricated channels etched on a chip, forming a miniature laboratory capable of performing complex analytical ...