When a molecule absorbs light, electrons in its constituent atoms become excited and are promoted to a higher energy level. When electrons in this excited state lose energy and return to the ground ...

In the fields of radiation detection and X-ray imaging, oil exploration poses more stringent and specific requirements for performance of scintillators. Scintillators have to be operated at ...

Quenching refers to the rapid cooling of a machined piece. The aim of quenching is to obtain certain required material characteristics by desired phase transformations. Quenching is dependent upon ...