Demand for voltage-controlled current sources (VCCSs) and multipliers in a wide spectrum of electronics and communication devices always seems to exist. The multipliers employed in circuits like the ...
Measurement of average power in a 60Hz circuit (equivalent to V RMS × I RMS × cos(ø)) can be done by sampling the product of voltage and current and averaging. This requires four quadrant ...
Fig 1. An op amp easily accomplishes addition, while a Gilbert cell handles the task of multiplication.caption of image Fig 2. Two digital words are added by combining a series of full adder cells.