The confocal sputtering technique involves the arrangement of magnetrons inside a vacuum chamber so that it is possible to apply multiple materials onto the substrate without breaking vacuum. This ...

This sputtered material now consists of a vapor stream, which passes through the chamber, and strikes and sticks onto the substrate as a film or coating. The surface of the substrate needs to be kept ...

A method at the core of today’s semiconductor and optical device production, sputtering is used to put down extremely thin films of a material onto a surface, typically referred to as a substrate.

Thin film technology focuses on the deposition and analysis of functional material layers on a substrate. These layers are essential building blocks in modern devices, like the microchips found in ...