At the heart of bottom-up nanotechnology lies a process driven by thermodynamics and kinetics, rather than the deterministic approaches characteristic of top-down methods. This fundamental difference ...

Bottom-Up Processing Human brains, like those of other mammals, evolved to quickly and automatically take, process, and respond to sensory information (seeing, hearing, touching, tasting, smelling) ...

In many texts and online articles that I have read, there are discussions about the value of behavioral models. The discussion normally goes something like this: Analog design is basically a bottom-up ...

Small pelagic fish are key planktivores and prey in marine ecosystems, and their population abundances undergo strong temporal and spatial variability. Top-down (predator controlled) and bottom-up ...

Pulsed fluxes of organisms across ecosystem boundaries can exert top-down and bottom-up effects in recipient food webs, through both direct effects on the subsidized trophic levels and indirect ...

The human brain is a product of evolution. Many psychotherapies and medications focus on adjusting the activity of brain networks that evolved long ago and helped early Homo sapiens survive and ...