A recent study saw the Thermo Scientific™ K-Alpha™ X-ray Photoelectron Spectrometer (XPS) System employed in an investigation ...

XPS relies on the photoelectric effect, where irradiating a material with X-rays causes the emission of core electrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is measured, which can be directly ...

X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is one of the most important and widely used methods for determining surface chemistry of materials. Cryo-XPS, where the sample is cooled to temperatures below ...

Photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) is a surface-sensitive analytical technique that provides information about the elemental composition, chemical state, and electronic structure of a material's surface ...