The central dogma processes of DNA replication, transcription, and translation are responsible for the maintenance and expression of every gene in an organism. An orthogonal central dogma may insulate ...

There is evidence that the orthogonal grid plan, which is one of the most common types of urban planning today, dates back to antiquity. Streets intersect at right angles to each other, resulting in a ...

Orthogonal control over systems represents an advantage over mono-functional switches as both the nature and order of distinctly different stimuli manifest themselves in a wide array of outcomes. Host ...

From RNA interference (RNAi) to CRISPR, there are several methods that researchers can use to manipulate gene function, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. Orthogonal validation – the ...

Simply put, orthogonal validation uses additional methods that provide very different selectivity to the primary method to confirm or refute a finding. All methods are independent approaches that can ...

One of the fundamental purposes of biotherapeutic research, development, and production is to assure the safety and efficacy of medicinal products in clinical settings. Analytical tools are critical ...

In mathematical circles, the word ‘orthogonal’ is used to define relations or objects that are non-overlapping, uncorrelated or independent. This definition is highly relevant when referring to ...

A polarization-switchable array could be the building block for future energy-efficient photonic computers.