a, b, c, Atomic-force-microscope images of a holographic grating measuring 2 cm × 2 cm with 2,400 grooves per millimetre, realized in silk fibroin, and, d, an image of the diffracted orders from the ...

UV-Vis spectroscopy is an analytical technique that measures the amount of discrete wavelengths of UV or visible light that are absorbed by or transmitted through a sample in comparison to a reference ...

A round-up of recent papers in the field of photonics published by the physical sciences division of the Nature Publishing Group. Rapid progress in the development of high-intensity laser systems has ...

Introduction: Because it is anticipated to be a new physical quantity for communication multiplexing and has significant potential for increasing channel capacity and enhancing spectrum resource ...